Patna, the capital city of Bihar, India, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world and a place of significant historical, cultural, and political importance. Situated along the southern banks of the Ganges River, Patna is a major administrative and economic centre of Bihar, known for its rich past that traces back to ancient Indian history.
Historical Significance
Originally called Pataliputra, Patna was founded in the 5th century BCE by the king of Magadha. It served as the capital of the Magadha Empire under various rulers, including the Mauryans and the Guptas. During its long history, the city has been a centre of learning and a cradle of many influential thoughts, such as Buddhism and Jainism, during the ancient period. The town played a significant role during the Indian independence movement and was an influential centre in the early years of Indian independence.
Culture
Patna's culture is deeply influenced by its population's diverse religions and traditions. Major Hindu, Islam, Buddhism, and Jainism festivals are celebrated here, including Diwali, Eid, Buddha Purnima, and Mahavir Jayanti. The city is known for its vibrant celebrations of Chhath Puja, a festival dedicated to the sun god, Surya, reflecting the deep cultural linkage to local traditions.
Food
Patna's cuisine is typical of Bihar and includes a variety of sweets and savoury dishes. Staples of the local diet include litti chokha (baked salted wheat balls filled with roasted gram flour and spices, served with mashed potatoes and eggplant), sattu (roasted gram flour), and a variety of rice, lentil, and vegetable dishes. Patna is also famous for its desserts, like khaja and malpua.
Language
Hindi is the official language of Patna, widely spoken and understood. Additionally, many people talk to Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi, which are regional languages. English is commonly used in business, education, and official communications.
Geography
Patna is located in the eastern part of India along the Ganges River. The city is approximately 55 kilometres south of the river's confluence with the Gandak and Ghaghara Rivers. The region around Patna is a fertile stretch of land supporting agriculture, a significant part of its economy.
Famous Places to Visit in Patna
- Golghar: An iconic granary built in 1786 for grain storage for the British Army, offering panoramic views of the city and the Ganges River.
- Patna Museum: Known for its collection of historical artefacts from the region, including ancient sculptures and the casket containing the relics of Buddha.
- Kumhrar: The archaeological remains of the ancient city of Pataliputra contain relics dating back to the Mauryan period.
- Takht Sri Patna Sahib: One of the holiest Sikh gurdwaras, it commemorates the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru.
- Mahavir Mandir: One of the holiest Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Hanuman, visited by thousands of devotees annually.
Best Time to Visit Patna
The best time to visit Patna is from October to March when the weather is pleasant for sightseeing.
Patna Travel Connectivity
Patna is well-connected by air, road, and rail. The Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport provides both domestic and international flights. Patna Junction is one of the busiest railway stations in India, linking the city to major urban centers across the country. Additionally, excellent road connectivity makes it easy to travel by bus to and from neighboring states and cities.
Patna continues to be a city of historical and cultural significance in India, attracting scholars, historians, and tourists interested in exploring its rich past and vibrant cultural tapestry.